Chapter 25 Syllabus

25.1 Population ecology
- Biotic potential
- Natality
- Mortality
- Migration
- Survivorship
- r and K strategies
- Population growth
- Factors limiting population size and distribution
- Liebig's law
- Shelford's law

25.2 Applied ecology
- Carrying capacity
- Management and conservation of ecosystems
- Sustainable development; examples: forestry, agriculture and fishery

25.3 Quantitative methods

25.3.1 Sampling theories
- Definition, description, importance and examples

i) Central limit theorem
- Practical application

ii) Optimum sample size
- Practical application

25.3.2 Types of estimation
- Examples and calculations

--> Sampling methods
- Quadrat
- Line transect
- Belt Transect
- Capture-recapture/mark-release-recapture method

25.3.4 Sampling parameters
- Frequency
- Density
- Coverage