Chapter 5 Syllabus

5.1 Aerobiosis

5.1.1 Glycolysis
- Glucose phosphorylation, fructose diphosphate production
- Splitting into phosphoglyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
- Conversion of phosphoglyceraldehyde to pyruvate and production of ATP and NADH
- Substrate level phosphorylation

5.1.2 Kreb's Cycle/ Tricarboxylic acid cycle/citric acid cycle
- Formation of acetyl coenzyme A, formation of citrate, reformation of oxaloacetate from citrate via alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate, with emphasis on the formation of NADH, FADH2 and GTP, and release of carbon dioxide
- Calculations of total ATP production

5.1.3 Electron transport system
- Electron flow from NADH/FADH2 via flavoprotein, coenzyme Q and cytochrome to oxygen with the production of ATP and water
- Effects of inhibitors (cyanide and carbon monoxide)

5.2 Anaerobiosis
- Differences between plants and animals: ethanol production in plants and lactic acid production in animals
- Use of fermentation in industry with examples